Recent Blog Posts
Understanding the Bail Process
You probably have heard the terms “bail” and “bond” used interchangeably related to the arrest of an individual. It may have been a friend, family member, or even a celebrity, but it is not uncommon to hear or read that a person has been “bailed out of jail” or has “posted bond.” Although the terms are related, they do not mean exactly the same thing and understanding the difference may be helpful if you are ever confronted with such situation.
What is Bail?
If you have been arrested on criminal charges, you are entitled by law and the Constitution to a trial. Due to scheduling and backlogs, however, there may be a significant amount of time between the arrest and your required appearance in court. To ensure that you appear when scheduled, the court has three basic options:
Practical Aspects of Medical Marijuana Law Remain a Challenge
In Illinois and in other states around the country, marijuana has being legalized for certain limited purposes, usually for medicinal use when certain requirements are met. The medical marijuana law was passed in January of 2014 in Illinois, but the state has run into several issues in implementing it. One of the most recent hurdles to overcome in the process of establishing medical marijuana dispensaries involves determining from what sources to obtain the seeds necessary to plant the drug.
Getting Started
Those who are interested in getting into the business of legally selling medical marijuana must overcome several hurdles in order to do so. Many requirements and regulations are written into the relevant law, including obtaining licenses, planning for security, and planning for building the facility. Once that is accomplished, growers must then decide where to obtain their first seeds or cuttings, which would enable them to actually grow marijuana for medicinal purposes. Some are arguing that this presents a challenge for legal reasons.
Five Illinois Divorce Laws You Should Know
While it may be easy for most people to believe that have a fairly good grasp on the laws of the state in which they reside, many are often surprised by the sheer volume of enacted legislation that governs their lives. In Illinois, there are countless pages of statutes which provide guidance regarding criminal matters, operation of a motor vehicle, and civil procedures, including divorce and related concerns.
The bulk of Illinois law dealing with divorce can be found in the Illinois Marriage and Dissolution of Marriage Act, or IMDA, which constitutes its own section (750 ILCS 5) of the state’s statutory code. Many of the provisions in the IMDMA are rather straightforward, but others may seem a little curious.
For example, you may not know that, under Illinois law:
- Residency restrictions apply to filing for divorce: At least one spouse must have been a resident of Illinois, or stationed in Illinois as a member of the armed forces, for at least 90 days prior to petitioning for divorce;
The Second Amendment and Criminal Law
Guns are a part of American culture. Unlike many other western nations, our country, for better or worse, has a strong connection to firearms. Aside from our having what is likely the best armed military in the world, we also have a heavily armed population and a constitutional provision that will keep our society that way. The Second Amendment guarantees us the right to “bear arms.” Despite this constitutional right, men and women across our state and our nation find themselves charged with crimes for possessing guns. How is that possible?
What Does the Second Amendment Say?
The Second Amendment is one of the shorter amendments to our constitution. In its entirety it says, “A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.” Although it is short, it has led to significant confusion over the years. Some people read this language on its face to mean that individual citizens have a right to gun ownership, while others read it to mean that individual states need to have the ability to arm their militias.
Can I Be Arrested Simply for Running from Police?
While the death of a young Baltimore man in police custody a few weeks ago caused extreme levels of civil unrest around the city, one of the frequently overlooked aspects of the case was that the man’s initial arrest was preceded by his running from an interaction with the police. Obviously, the police department’s handling of the man’s arrest and his subsequent death are more significant concerns, and the officers involved have been indicted. However, the circumstances leading up to his arrest pose the question: Is running from the police prior to being stopped against the law?
An individual cannot be arrested on the grounds of running from the police. The Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects citizens from unlawful search and seizure of property, and allows a person to go about his business or remain silent during an investigatory police stop. While running from police is not against the law, however, there are situations in which running may lead to additional problems for a person who makes that choice.
Understanding the Concept of Equitable Adoption
Under the auspices of criminal law, intent often plays a significant role in the commission and prosecution of a crime. The same may be said about certain areas of family law, as well, as intent and good faith efforts are typically recognized by the court in a variety of applications. There is one area of family law, however, where intent may not be enough, as the Illinois Supreme Court has closed the door on equitable adoption as it relates to child custody situations and the parent-child relationship.
Equitable Adoption and DeHart v. DeHart
While most people are familiar with the concept of adoption, which grants legal parental rights to a non-biological parent, equitable adoption refers to situations in which legal adoption was never completed but the substance of the adoptive parent-child relationship is recognized by the court. The issue of equitable adoption was the centerpiece of a 2013 Illinois Supreme Court decision in DeHart v. DeHart.
New Program Treats Prostitutes as Victims Instead of Criminals
Prostitution is a crime that has been handled and mishandled many ways by society over the years. During some eras it has been ignored, in other eras it has been harshly prosecuted, and in some parts of the country it has even been legalized. It is still against the law in Illinois and the people engaging in prostitution often find themselves in need of the assistance of a criminal defense attorney. Now, however, Cook County has created a new program that will treat the people engaged in prostitution, who are all too often not prostitutes of their own volition, as the victims they are, rather than treating them as criminals.
A New Cook County Program
The Chicago Tribune reports that a new court will change the way prostitution charges are handled in Cook County. This program was in part made possible by a 2013 change in the state prostitution law that required that all prostitution cases be charged as misdemeanors rather than felonies. The court will be called the “Chicago Prostitution and Trafficking Intervention Court.” Its goals are to give people working in prostitution the tools they need to leave that life while at the same time reducing the overcrowding of local jails.
Illinois Legislature Passes Police Body Camera Law
In the wake of the killings of Michael Brown, Eric Garner, Tamir Rice, and countless other unarmed African-American men, women, and children by police officers, the public has finally started to demand that something be done about our nation’s police problem. One of the possible solutions that has been offered is requiring police officers to wear body cameras to record their conduct and misconduct. The footage created by these cameras could exonerate innocent officers, and, conversely, could be used to prosecute guilty officers. They may deter police misconduct. And, the footage could be used by criminal defense attorneys to prove when police officers violate defendants’ rights. Illinois may be the first state to enact legislation requiring police to use these cameras.
Bill Passes through Illinois Legislature and Awaits the Governor’s Signature
The State Journal-Register reports that the Illinois legislature passed a body camera bill and that it is waiting for the governor’s signature. This bill is the first of its nature to pass since President Obama convened the Task Force on 21st Century Policing. If the governor signs the bill, Illinois will be the first state to pass such a law. This one would include requirements regarding body cameras, would create new training for police officers, and would create a database where officers who commit crimes can be tracked so it is less difficult for problem officers to jump from department to department.
Social Media and Cell Phones Increasingly Yield Evidence in Divorce Cases
A generation or two ago, the phrase “digital footprint” would have sounded like made-up nonsense. Today, however, an individual’s digital footprint actually exists as an electronic trail left from the use of online and digital services. Many have likely recognized some of the ways in which marketers utilize such information; for example, dynamic advertisements on certain websites will be presented based on a user’s prior search and browsing history. Beyond advertisers, though, more and more data is being pulled from social media and cell phones to be used as evidence in divorce cases.
Cell Phone Society
It is estimated that more than 90 percent of American adults own and use cellular phones. Two-thirds or more own smart phones, allowing them to access the internet and run apps directly from the device. These numbers have continued to grow in the last several years, as mobile device use has become nearly ubiquitous in American culture. What many fail to consider, however, is the treasure trove of information such devices can be when another person may be looking for something to use against them.
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Some criminal cases result in dismissals or acquittals. Others result in plea bargains where a defendant admits his or her guilt of a crime in exchange for a more lenient sentence. In other cases a defendant is convicted at trial or pleads guilty without a plea agreement in place. In that lasts group of cases it is extremely important for a defendant to have an attorney who is experienced in handling sentencing hearings in order for the defendant to obtain the best possible outcome under the circumstances. Many individuals who are facing the possibility of very long sentences in these cases have questions about “cruel and unusual punishment.” Here we explain what the United States Constitution has to say about cruel and unusual punishment.
The Eighth Amendment
U.S. citizens’ right to be free from cruel and unusual punishment is found in the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution. This amendment says:
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